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HPDC Die Casting- Basic Principles

Basic Principles of Die Casting

Table of Contents
  • Basic Principles and Characteristics of Die Casting
  • Common Fluid Principles and Applications
  • Overview of Liquid Metal Filling Theory
  • Flow State and Characteristics of Liquid Metal
Die Casting Process Cycle
  • Semi-automatic die casting cycle: Clean the mold → Spray → Place inserts → Close the mold → Pour material → Inject → Cool and solidify → Open the mold → Eject → Take the part
Automatic die casting cycle: (Same steps as semi-automatic)
Conditions Related to Die Casting Production
  • Die casting design: Requirements (performance, appearance); Structure (fillets, draft angles, wall thickness, holes); Gating system design
  • Die casting machine: Clamping, injection, ejection, feeding (pressure, speed, cycle actions); Maintain precision; Capability requirements (preheating, cooling)
  • Die casting operation: Keep in normal state; Coating (type, spray amount); Die casting cycle; Mold temperature
  • Die casting process: Specific pressure, filling speed, filling time; Process parameters
  • Mold: Material and heat treatment; Machining accuracy; Design; Maintenance
  • Alloy material and melting: Furnace charge ratio; Alloy composition; Flux usage; Temperature control; Cleanliness (gas, hard spots, foreign matter); Ratio of return material
  • Die caster: Safe operation; Professional knowledge; Proficiency; Dedication; Physical strength
Application of Pascal’s Principle
Ap — Punch cross-sectional area;
Ph — Die casting machine accumulator pressure;
Ah — Injection cylinder cross-sectional area;

Injection Pressures for Various Alloys

Alloy Injection Pressure / MPa
Zinc alloy 20~30
Aluminum alloy 30~80
Magnesium alloy 30~70
Copper alloy 50~80

Gate Speed Based on Wall Thickness

Wall Thickness (mm) Gate Speed (m/s)
-0.8 46-55
1.3-1.5 43-52
1.7-2.3 40-49
2.4-2.8 37-46
2.9-3.8 34-43
4.6-5.1 32-40
6.1 28-35
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